ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

MOVEMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND LIVES SAFEGUARDING
Institution of The Environmental and Human Resources Development and Improvement.

PATTERNS OF LAND UTILIZATION 

The scientists from all over the world, who held the Summer Congress in 1999 (Urban Age 1, 1999) emphasized that the main problems which is being faced by communities who live in the big cities through out the world being developed such as compromising Indonesia, they are to be listed as follow below : 1. The Social gap and poverty. 2. Clean water and environmental sanitation. 3. Traffic Jams and public transportation. 4. Air, water, ground and sea water pollution. 5. Liquid and compact wasts. 6. Criminal and security. 7. Unemployment. 8. Health Services. 9. Housing and Land Ownership. All the Problems mentioned above, except the point of 8 and 9 caused by the improper Land Utilization Pattern which are to be caused by at least one of the cautions notified below, they are: 1. Improper Master Plan. 2. Nonenforceable of the Master Plan. 3. Land Utilization without enforcement of the Master Plan. An exact proper of a City Master Plan must be applied to avoid the three cases mentioned above. Roles of both Provincial either National Executives and Legislative are really to run in anticipating the revealable problems, howsoever they are the main responsibility holders dealing with the tree problems mentioned above. FOREST CLEARANCE. The activities of wood logging or Land clearance in the Forest territory, either the mountain forest, plate land forest or estuary Forest, and so forth is an evil cycling. A Country and the people need the forest land territory and its forestry Production, but on the other hand the impact is to decreasing the environmental quality. The population increasing is always to be concerned with the necessities onto new land penning in the forest territory to present a new urban site, rice field, industrial state or other facilities. Besides that the forest exploitation such as being carried out by the private forestry exploitation companies as the legal permit holders ( Pihak Swasta Pemegang Izin Hak Penguasaan Hutan -HPH ) frequently are to be claimed on behalf of the communities'needs and as one of the largest sectors for the state devise. Indonesia has properly much forestry territory yet, but the unknown territory publicly which is caused by the hazards or damages of the forests. The New land opening largely in the forest territory will enable to increase the soil temperature extremely, then causes the fertility of the soil gets decreasing. We need forest to utilize lands and the timbers ( such as woods, products, and diversified fauna living in, etc. ). But it is not a long term of time our lives will be unsafe and dangerous, because the forest clearing can also produce the poisonous gas surrounding the surface of the top oil, the biota insects increase without an ability to eradicate their colonies, the timbers contribute the state devise gradually decreasing in a numbers of. How to cut the evil cycling ?. Certainly, all elements must participate hand by hand, but the most important is to exploit the forestry utilization properly. The Executives and Legislative must enable to pattern the exploitation in order to run the National Development sustainably and the living quality of the communities can be obtained gradually. WATER POLLUTION. The main caution of the surface water, ground water and sea pollution is all of the wastes ( liquid and compact materials ) as the remains of human beings activities there are not being processed initially before get thrown away into the nature. The most serious pollution happened in the urban areas and industrial state owing to the areas where human beings activities get high concentration. The loses and hazards are being faced by all living organisms ( especially human beings ) as well as the environment is to be unpredicted totally. Likely an example to be a reference referring to this case is Jakarta City, as a matter of fact, the curement cost caused by the the water contaminated by facet is to estimate up to approximately 706 millions USD annually. The rivers go into the bay of Jakarta get pollution has reached the sea within distance about 30 kms offseashore from the sea boundary line. ( PPSML. UI. 1999 ). The liquid and compact wastes processing ha been legalized by whatsoever laws. The Processing Installation development and the liquid wastes site plants is to be under responsibility by local government level or PEMDA. Therefore, nowadays is the right time for the executive and legislative are to review and re-analyze the liquid and compact wastes processing patterns in each region, primarily in urban areas, so that the water pollution that creates hazards and damages among the communities and decreases the living quality can be prevented and anticipated obviously. AIR POLLUTION. The human beings can survive without eating is to take 7 days and without drinking is to take 3 days long , but without breathing is to take only 3 minutes. if the oxygen taken in a breath has been polluted, likely in Jakarta city or the other big cities will causes their living get unhealthy. For instance, in Jakarta city where the cost curement for dusty air pollution caution has been notified officially in a sum of Rp. 3, 65 billions annually and black tin contaminated caution is to assigne in a um of 1,135 billions annually. The Dust has killed the victims initially in a numbers of 4,364 cases annually ( PPSML-UI.1999 ). The main pollution sources in the urban areas are likely transportation and industrial activities. The activities of the both sectors are largely carried out by the private business as well as the communities, but both of them are assigned, organized and controlled by the Local government. The main victims caused of the air pollution as well as caused of the water pollution those are the poorer citizens who have no capabilities to protect their selves or avoid from the such pollution. The re-analyzing of the air quality management control is to need to be practiced by the government and supported by legislative in order to decrease the seriously hazards and damages caused of air pollution in urban areas, and then finally the communities' better living quality can be obtained. DAMAGES OF SEA WEEDS Sea weeds is a part of oceanography living. It becomes a habitat of diversified living types in ocean, from living organisms up to big fishes and sea turtles. There are so many various living types are to enable to live surrounding the grass weeds, therefore it is so called a shed of sea living diversification. For human beings that the sea weed is as a unprofitable natural resources, because of it becomes nourishment sources and economy chances for the coastal communities, seashore protection against the abrasion, natural oxygen producer and carbon dioxin absorbers and natural medicine sources in the future time. The sea weeds in Indonesia has a larger potential values economically, moreover it can contribute 15 ton of sea product/km2/year or in a conversion of 15,000.00 USD/km2/year. in the tourism sector, the existing grass weeds can contribute devise in a sum of 3,000.00 USD /km2/year harvested in a low potential areas and in a sum of 503,000.00 USD/km2/year harvested in a high potential areas. Eventhough, the greedy of the human beings who have bad morals have created the hazards and damages of the sea weeds dramatically and drastically. at this time being, there grass weeds are still being left within a good condition about around 29 % in Indonesia. The fishes catching by using explosive material and fish poison , sea weeds exploitation for buildings , sea transportation and sea pollution are to be assigned officially as the main cautions of the sea weeds damages.

Here is an equation comes from our honest minds whether we let our own riches of natural sources going to be corrupted and loosed , otherwise all the usefulness of the sea weeds we have for our living sooner or later gets continuous damages, then finally losses without anything more left for the next

 generations ? 

There is a wise thinking comes from the executives and legislative who can apply a proper method in handling the sea sources management for our mutual benefits, therefore, there will present a suitable balance between the sea weeds conservation and its utilization among the communities. 

Presented by: Iqraa Al-amiin (Andi  AR)

E-mail : save_earthlives@live.com